Agroecological interventions increase biodiversity and the potential for climate change mitigation in Europe
Authors: Cian Blaix, Bertrand Dumont, Juliette M.G. Bloor, Cecilia Zagaria, Géraldine Fleurance, Frédéric Joly, Olivier Huguenin-Elie
First published in: Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Volume 395, 1 January 2026
Read full paper: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109938
Highlights:
- Meta-analysis of agroecology’s impact on biodiversity and climate change mitigation.
- Agroecological interventions increase biodiversity of all studied functional groups.
- Biodiversity effects were positive for all agricultural land-use types except horticulture.
- Soil carbon (C) storage and nitrous oxide (N2O) mitigation increase, but not methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) mitigation.
- Transitions to input substitution or to redesign provide similar benefits.
Abstract:
Agroecology has gained considerable interest as a concept for designing sustainable agri-food systems. To date however, the effects of farming systems and management practices associated with agroecology (i.e., agroecological interventions) on biodiversity and climate change mitigation have not been systematically reviewed.
In this paper, the authors perform a meta-analysis using observational and experimental studies to assess the effects of agroecological interventions on taxa diversity (diversity based on easily observable common characteristics), as well as on greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) and carbon storage in Europe. Agroecological interventions were classified along a gradient ranging from input substitution to system redesign in order to estimate and compare effects of different agroecological transition types.
In general agroecological interventions were seen to have a positive effect across biodiversity and climate change mitigation metrics. Agroecological interventions increased diversity of all functional groups of organisms considered, as well as promoting soil carbon storage, and reducing nitrous oxide emissions.
However, agroecological interventions had limited effects on the mitigation of carbon dioxide and methane emissions.
Positive effects on biodiversity and climate change mitigation metrics were consistent for transitions from conventional farming interventions to either input substitution or redesign interventions.
A win-win situation was found in most studies in which both biodiversity and climate change mitigation data were recorded, driven by changes in micro-decomposer biodiversity and in soil carbon storage. Our findings demonstrate the multiple environmental benefits that can be obtained from adopting an agroecological approach to farming, and highlight the value of this approach for achieving European Union targets in relation to both GHG emission reduction and biodiversity.
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Read full paper: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2025.109938